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"Reeve's book is an excellent companion to Plato's Apology and a valuable discussion of many of the main issues that arise in the early dialogues. Reeve is an extremely careful reader of texts, and his familiarity with the legal and cultural background of Socrates' trial allows him to correct many common misunderstandings of that event. In addition, he integrates his reading of the apology with a sophisticated discussion of Socrates' philosophy. The writing is clear and succinct, and the research is informed by a thorough acquaintance with the secondary literature. Reeve's book will be accessible to any serious undergraduate, but it is also a work that will have to be taken into account by every scholar doing advanced research on Socrates." --Richard Kraut, Northwestern University
- Sales Rank: #3245541 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Hackett Pub Co
- Published on: 1989-03-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 6.00" w x .75" l, 1.05 pounds
- Binding: Library Binding
- 224 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Let's Begin Again, Can You Tell Me What Yields a Life Worth Living or What the Gods Want or Who Deserves Power
By The Ancient Simplicity
Many times, at the end of a long, exhausting, and humiliating elentic examination, where no answer has been found, Socrates proposes, "Let's begin again." Whereupon his interlocutor remembers he has pressing business elsewhere.
Socrates believes Athenians should be ashamed they care so much for money, reputation, and glory and so little for virtue and justice. For this reason when Socrates meets someone who says he does care for the most important things, Socrates will not let him go, but examines him. And if, at the end, he is found not to possess virtue, (it should be noted that elentic examination is designed specifically to produce this outcome, to produce aporia), Socrates reproaches him. (Ap 29-30)
Socrates adds that the god has ordered him to do this. (Ap 30, 33) How does Socrates know this was the voice (sign) of god? He does not. All he can do is use his critical reason to interpret the utterances to extract whatever truth is in them. It is obvious that Socrates did believe in a supernatural world which coexists somehow with the normal world. But ultimately he placed his trust in reason, not in the voice of the god.
In fact, Socrates remade the gods in the image of reason. These gods do not quarrel, deceive, or lie as do the gods of traditional Greek religion. No, Socrates' gods are perfectly good. As Plato wrote, "and surely nothing good can be harmful...And what does not harm does no evil...And what does no evil could not be the cause of any evil...And is not the good beneficent...Hence the cause of well-being...So god cannot be the cause of all things, but only good things; of evil things he is not the cause." (Republic 379)
Socrates interpreted the signs of the god as underwriting his elentic activity. Apollo wants people to try to be virtuous and to realize that they do not know what it is to be virtuous. That is, Socrates' divinity is criticizing the values of the Athenian community and ordering them to live differently, to care more for virtue and justice. This was to many Athenians, to say the least, irrating and, to say the most, smacked of impiety.
All the while the Peloponnesian war raged and Athens was extracting terrible retribution from cities like Scione, Torone, and Melos, Socrates kept saying, "it is better to suffer injustice than commit it." Socrates wanted to break the cycle of revenge and retaliation, to waken men from their love of honor and glory which he perceived as turning the world into the nightmare of war and stasis. Injustice is a disease of the soul and life with a sick and corrupted soul was not a life worth living. (Crito 47)
Plato saw Socrates as man fully awake, for which he gave him the title of the wisest, justest, and best. But such ideas of non-retaliation ran counter to traditional Greek notions and gave most Athenians, in contrast to Plato, heartburn. The typical response had to be along the lines, "how could a man be so naive."
After 404 BCE and the traumas of losing the Peloponnesian war followed by the outbreak of civil war to throw out the Spartan installed Critias and the Thirty, who had quickly earned the name tyrants, a growing number began to consider that Socrates' way of thinking was polluting the city and corrupting traditional religion and Athenian democracy.
Charges were brought, Socrates was found guilty, sentenced to death and executed. Was the Athenian jury right or was Plato?
The best place to start with Socratic studies is Reeve's very readable Socrates in the Apology.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent.
By R. W. Thomas
I recommend this book highly. I don't agree with some of its conclusions; but the book is well-written and takes a fresh perspective on its subject matter.
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